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数据卷　　数据卷是在一个或多个容器内指定数据卷，并且绕过Union File System来持续提供一些有用的特性和共享数据。　　1. 数据卷之间可以共享或重用容器　　2. 可以直接更改数据卷　　3. 更改数据卷不会被容器镜像当成更新　　4. 体积不变一直到容器不使用它们
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数据卷　　数据卷是在一个或多个容器内指定数据卷，并且绕过Union File System来持续提供一些有用的特性和共享数据。　　1. 数据卷之间可以共享或重用容器　　2. 可以直接更改数据卷　　3. 更改数据卷不会被容器镜像当成更新　　4. 体积不变一直到容器不使用它们
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数据卷　　数据卷是在一个或多个容器内指定数据卷，并且绕过Union File System来持续提供一些有用的特性和共享数据。　　1. 数据卷之间可以共享或重用容器　　2. 可以直接更改数据卷　　3. 更改数据卷不会被容器镜像当成更新　　4. 体积不变一直到容器不使用它们
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      docker系列六之数据卷
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        <h2 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>　　主要有两种方法来管理docker数据：数据卷和容器中的数据卷</p>
<h2 id="u6570_u636E_u5377"><a href="#u6570_u636E_u5377" class="headerlink" title="数据卷"></a>数据卷</h2><p>　　数据卷是在一个或多个容器内指定数据卷，并且绕过Union File System来持续提供一些有用的特性和共享数据。<br>　　1. 数据卷之间可以共享或重用容器<br>　　2. 可以直接更改数据卷<br>　　3. 更改数据卷不会被容器镜像当成更新<br>　　4. 体积不变一直到容器不使用它们</p>
<h2 id="u6570_u636E_u5377_u64CD_u4F5C"><a href="#u6570_u636E_u5377_u64CD_u4F5C" class="headerlink" title="数据卷操作"></a>数据卷操作</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加数据卷</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#在容器内部创建一个新的卷/webapp</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -P --name web -v /webapp training/webapp python app.py</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#可以在Dockerfile中使用VOLUME指令来给创建的镜像添加一个或多个卷。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#挂载主机目录作为卷</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#挂载本地目录/src/webapp到容器的/ot/webapp目录</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -P --name web -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp training/webapp python app.py</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#开发测试，日志打印非常有用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#主机上的目录必须是绝对路径，如果目录不存在docker会自动创建它</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#注意：不可以在Dockerfile中，因为Dockerfile的便携性和移植性，作为主机目录，其性质可能使依赖这个目录的所有主机都无法工作。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#docker默认情况下是对卷有读写权限，添加ro选项来限制它只读</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -P --name web -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp:ro training/webapp python app.py</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Dockerfile_u521B_u5EFA_u6570_u636E_u5377"><a href="#Dockerfile_u521B_u5EFA_u6570_u636E_u5377" class="headerlink" title="Dockerfile创建数据卷"></a>Dockerfile创建数据卷</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#创建Dockerfile文件</span></span><br><span class="line">FROM docker.io/centos:latest</span><br><span class="line">MAINTAINER shihuacai&lt;shihuacai1989@<span class="number">126</span>.com&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#镜像启动后会创建两个目录/opt/volume1/ /opt/volume2/</span></span><br><span class="line">VOLUME [<span class="string">"/opt/volume1/"</span>,<span class="string">"/opt/volume2/"</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#创建数据卷镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">docker build -t shihuacai/volume .</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#运行镜像，创建容器Volume_Container</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -i -t --name Volume_Container shihuacai/volume /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#在容器中查看数据卷目录</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@c536df4b84c9 /]<span class="comment"># cd /opt</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@c536df4b84c9 opt]<span class="comment"># ls</span></span><br><span class="line">volume1  volume2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#向数据卷目录中创建文件并写入数据，结果如下</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@c536df4b84c9 opt]<span class="comment"># cat volume1/readme.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">测试数据</span><br><span class="line">[root@c536df4b84c9 opt]<span class="comment"># cat volume2/readme.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">xxx</span><br><span class="line">yyy</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#退出容器，启动另一个镜像，命名为centosTest，并挂载数据卷容器Volume_Container</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -i -t --volumes-from Volume_Container --name centosTest centos /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#查看容器centosTest中数据卷目录的文件数据</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@af45ba0a0ff2 /]<span class="comment"># cd /opt</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@af45ba0a0ff2 opt]<span class="comment"># ll</span></span><br><span class="line">volume1 volume2</span><br><span class="line">[root@af45ba0a0ff2 opt]<span class="comment"># cat volume1/readme.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">测试数据</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#说明：也可以在启动镜像时，创建数据卷</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -v /var/volume1 -v /var/volume2 -name Volume_Container centos  /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#再创建一个容器，挂载 centosTest 中从 Volume_Container 挂载的数据卷</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -t -i -rm -volumes-from centosTest -name LastApp_Container centos linux_<span class="built_in">command</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#即使删除了刚开始的第一个数据卷容器或者中间层的数据卷容器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#只要有其他容器使用数据卷，数据卷都不会被删除的</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#创建数据卷容器volumeHost </span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -i -t -v /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/java:/usr/dev --name volumeHost centos /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#停止容器</span></span><br><span class="line">docker stop volumeHost</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#连接数据卷</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -i -t --volumes-from volumeHost --name tt centos /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">[root@<span class="number">57</span>fe8cf02df7 dev]<span class="comment"># cd /usr/dev</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@<span class="number">57</span>fe8cf02df7 dev]<span class="comment"># ls -l</span></span><br><span class="line">total <span class="number">294328</span></span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. <span class="number">1</span> root root       <span class="number">628</span> Jun <span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">13</span>:<span class="number">11</span> Dockerfile</span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x. <span class="number">9</span> root root      <span class="number">4096</span> Jun <span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">56</span> apache-tomcat-<span class="number">7.0</span>.<span class="number">47</span></span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. <span class="number">1</span> root root <span class="number">142362384</span> Apr <span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">19</span>:<span class="number">06</span> jdk-<span class="number">7</span>u60-linux-x64.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. <span class="number">1</span> root root <span class="number">159008252</span> Apr <span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">19</span>:<span class="number">06</span> jdk-<span class="number">8</span>u5-linux-x64.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x. <span class="number">8</span>   <span class="number">10</span>  <span class="number">143</span>      <span class="number">4096</span> May  <span class="number">7</span>  <span class="number">2014</span> jdk1.<span class="number">7.0</span>_60</span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x. <span class="number">8</span>   <span class="number">10</span>  <span class="number">143</span>      <span class="number">4096</span> Mar <span class="number">18</span>  <span class="number">2014</span> jdk1.<span class="number">8.0</span>_05</span><br><span class="line">[root@<span class="number">57</span>fe8cf02df7 dev]<span class="comment"># mkdir test</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir: cannot create directory <span class="string">'test'</span>: Permission denied</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="u4F7F_u7528_u6570_u636E_u5377_u5BB9_u5668"><a href="#u4F7F_u7528_u6570_u636E_u5377_u5BB9_u5668" class="headerlink" title="使用数据卷容器"></a>使用数据卷容器</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#创建数据卷容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -v /dbdata --name dbdata training/postgres</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#挂载/dbdata卷</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> --volumes-from dbdata --name db1 training/postgres</span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> --volumes-from dbdata --name db2 training/postgres</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#也可以使用多个--volumes-from参数来将多个数据卷桥接到多个容器中</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#当删除挂载卷的dbdata容器，包括初始化数据容器，或者随后的db1容器和db2容器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#该卷将不会被删除直到没有容器使用该卷</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="u5907_u4EFD_u3001_u6062_u590D_u6570_u636E_u5377"><a href="#u5907_u4EFD_u3001_u6062_u590D_u6570_u636E_u5377" class="headerlink" title="备份、恢复数据卷"></a>备份、恢复数据卷</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#备份</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#挂载dbdata卷，并挂载一个本地目录作为/backup卷</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#使用tar命令备份dbdata卷的内容到我们的/backup目录下的backup.tar文件中</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run --volumes-from dbdata -v $(<span class="built_in">pwd</span>):/backup ubuntu tar cvf /backup/backup.tar /dbdata</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#恢复</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#创建一个新的容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run -v /dbdata --name dbdata2 ubuntu /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#在新容器的卷中解压备份文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run --volumes-from dbdata2 -v $(<span class="built_in">pwd</span>):/backup busybox tar xvf /backup/backup.tar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599"><a href="#u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><p><a href="/images/docker-summery.html">docker-summery.html</a></p>

      
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